I feel like we are overcomplicating things a bit here. The ND job is an elite job and the ND program is an elite program because people give a damn about it. How many Nebraska fans or Penn State fans are there outside of Nebraska and Pennsylvania? The reasons for that are many, but they include a lot of what is being discussed here. Tradition, recent success and resources all play a part.
Programs like Nebraska and Penn State and Tennessee have good, solid traditions. They aren't at the same level, historically, as ND or Michigan or USC or Alabama. They probably are better historically than Florida or FSU and possibly on par with Texas, but they don't have the same access to players necessary to compete in the modern CFB landscape as those programs. (You can look at that as either "recent success" or "access to players," but to me the two go hand in hand.) Penn State and Nebraska and Tennessee also have huge and loyal fan bases, bigger and better than Oregon's or Stanford's or even USC's.
Where you rank as a 1A or a 1B or a tier 2 program is about how you compare to other programs in those areas. You need to excel in at least one to be in the discussion as an elite program at any given time, and to be in the discussion as an elite program over the long haul you probably need to excel in two or three areas. I think there are somewhere between a handful and a dozen programs that can excel in two or three of those areas, and ND is one of them. Whether we have access to players is always going to be a concern because of location and the academics, but we have shown under Kelly (and even Weis) that we can recruit good athletes in modern college football. But I think the Penn State and Nebraska type programs rank very-good-but-not-great in all of those areas.