Fiction:
The Middle Earth Saga (Lord of the Rings trilogy+The Hobbit+The Silmarillion)
All the King's Men
Haroun and the Sea of Stories
The Enchantress of Florence
Midnight's Children (in other words, pretty much anything by Rushdie)
Non-Fiction:
Stones into Schools
The Accidental Guerilla
A History of the Arab Peoples
The Crusades through Arab Eyes
Salt
A History of Warfare
Guns, Germs and Steel
Finally, my least favorite author of all time and one I find inexplicably mentioned a lot here: Ayn Rand. Her work, and her life, was a failed attempt to raise the individual out of and over the society in which it exists. No wonder she died lonely and miserable.
Ayn Rand is one of America's great mysteries. She was an amphetamine-addicted author of sub-Dan Brown potboilers, who in her spare time wrote lavish torrents of praise for serial killers and the Bernie Madoff-style embezzlers of her day. She opposed democracy on the grounds that "the masses"—her readers—were "lice" and "parasites" who scarcely deserved to live.
The only explanation for Rand's appeal is that everybody who reads her thinks that they are John Galt instead of the helpless masses bringing him down. Guns Germs and Steel is a great read for anyone who reads Rand- it makes you realize that the forces at work in shaping society are far bigger than the "great men" she puts such an emphasis on.
Not going to be able to carry on a discussion so I'll just say
this article speaks for me on Rand. Usually, I'd say a philosopher's personal life is irrelevant to the merits of their philosophy, but in Rand's case I'd disagree...
In the end, Rand was destroyed by her own dogmas. She fell in love with a young follower called Nathaniel Branden and had a decades-long affair with him. He became the cult's No. 2, and she named him as her "intellectual heir"—until he admitted he had fallen in love with a 23-year-old woman. As Burns explains, Rand's philosophy "taught that sex was never physical; it was always inspired by a deeper recognition of shared values, a sense that the other embodied the highest human achievement." So to be sexually rejected by Branden meant he was rejecting her ideas, her philosophy, her entire person. She screamed: "You have rejected me? You have dared to reject me? Me, your highest value?"
She never really recovered. We all become weak at some point in our lives, so a thinker who despises weakness will end up despising herself. In her 70s Rand found herself dying of lung cancer, after insisting that her followers smoke because it symbolized "man's victory over fire" and the studies showing it caused lung cancer were Communist propaganda. By then she had driven almost everyone away. In 1982, she died alone in her apartment with only a hired nurse at her side. If her philosophy is right—if the only human relationships worth having are based on the exchange of dollars—this was a happy and victorious death. Did even she believe it in the end?