IrishInOntario
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A lot of it has to do with the number of events that exist in the Olympics in certain sports. Individual and team skiing events dominate the winter Olympics in terms of medals awarded. Those sports, especially cross country variants, are sports that Norway absolutely focuses on, therefore, they rack up the medal counts. Finland, by comparison, is hockey obsessed. They're the defending Olympic Champion in men's hockey, which is impressive at the size of the country. The problem is that there are 6 total medals awarded in hockey at the Olympics (3 on the men's side and 3 on the women's side) and no country can win more than 2 of those medals. By comparison, there are 50+ medals awarded in various skiing events (when factoring in both men's and women's sports), meaning that a single country can win 15-20 medals in that one area.Looking at he medal count, why is Norway so much more dominant than Finland? My ignorant American brain just assumes they’re basically the same place (they do have about the same population).
For a comparison that hits close to home, Track-and-field and swimming have huge volumes of medals awarded during the summer Olympics. A country like the United States racks up volumes of medals in those sports in which specializes, giving them much higher upside in total medal count than a country that specializes in a specific sport that gives out less medals.
Also, as it relates to Norway specifically, it's one of the wealthiest per capita countries in the world, where their best athletes get paid handsome sums of money through state sponsorship, to compete in their chosen Olympic sports, rather than commercial sports (i.e. football, soccer, baseball, hockey, basketball, etc). Therefore, many of Norway's best athletes are willing to master a niche sport, because they can make a viable sport career out of it, where as many of our North American Olympians, for example, get paid very little if they don't compete in a commericalized sport. Norway has a sovereign wealth fund built on the carefully invested profits of oil, valued at $2.15 TRILLION usd. It's roughly $370,000 per Norwegian, and growing. They literally take profits from that fund and invest it into their individual Olympians. We're talking really good money and the citizens of their country back the idea because the money isn't coming from their tax base.
Imagine having a wealth fund that grows at a rate of $100+ Billion usd per year (after funds are taken out to bolster the state budget), for a population of 5.65 million people. That's an insane funding mechanism outside of their tax base.
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